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Il Sodoma (1477 – February 14, 1549) was the name given to the Italian Renaissance painter Giovanni Antonio Bazzi.〔Also wrongly spelled Razzi. The artist's real surname is uncertain. He is said to have borne the family name of "Sodona" but also the name "Tizzioni". Sodona is the signature on some of his pictures. While Bazzi was corrupted into Razzi, Sodona may have been corrupted into "Sodoma".〕 Il Sodoma painted in a manner that superimposed the High Renaissance style of early 16th-century Rome onto the traditions of the provincial Sienese school; he spent the bulk of his professional life in Siena, with two periods in Rome. ==Biography== Giovanni Bazzi was of the family de Bazis, and born at Vercelli in Piedmont in 1477. His first master was the "archaic" Martino Spanzotti;〔A minor painter, called "archaic" by Freedberg 1993:117, of whom one signed picture is known.〕 he also appears to have been a student of the painter Giovenone. After acquiring the strong coloring and other distinctive stylistic features of the Lombard school and— though he is not known to have travelled to Milan—〔Morelli, in his ''Italian Pictures in German Galleries'' claimed that he ripened into an artist only during two years (1498-1500) that he spent with Leonardo in Milan.〕 somehow absorbing the superficial mannerisms of Leonardo (Freedberg 1993:117), he traveled to Siena before 1503, perhaps at the behest of agents of the Spannocchi family, and began with fresco cycles for Olivetan monks and a series of small Ovidian ceiling panels and a frieze depicting the career of Julius Caesar for Sigismondo Chigi at Palazzo Chigi.〔 . Sigismondo was the guarantor of Sodoma's performance for Julius, October 1508, and his brother Agostino became Sodoma's notable patron.〕 Along with Pinturicchio, Sodoma was one of the first to practice in Siena the style of the High Renaissance. His first important works were seventeen frescoes in the Benedictine monastery of Monte Oliveto Maggiore, on the road from Siena to Rome, illustrating the life of St Benedict in continuation of the series that Luca Signorelli had begun in 1498. Gaining fluency in the prevailing popular style of Pinturicchio, Sodoma completed the set in 1502 and included a self-portrait with badgers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=il sodoma )〕 Sodoma was invited to Rome in 1508 by the celebrated Sienese merchant Agostino Chigi and was employed there by Pope Julius II in the Stanza della Segnatura in the Vatican. He executed two great compositions and various ornaments and grotesques in vaulted ceilings divided in feigned compartments in the antique manner that Pinturrichio had recently revived, working at the same time as Raphael. Vasari's rhetorical story that Sodoma's larger works did not satisfy the pope, who engaged Raphael to substitute a program of ''Justice, Poetry, and Theology'' is not borne out by the documents.〔Recent cleaning revealed the essential intergrity of Sodoma's existing ceilings, illustrated by Bartalini 2001.〕 Before October 1510 he was in Siena, where he painted the exterior of Palazzo Chigi in monochrome chiaroscuro with scenes from the Bible and from Antiquity, the first such work seen in Siena (Bartalini 2001:553). His painting at this time began to show distinct Florentine influences,〔Freedberg (1993:117) notes the source of his ''Crucifixion'' (Pinacoteca, Siena) in the composition of an altar for Santissima Annunziata, Florence, begun by Filippino Lippi and finished by Perugino.〕 especially of Fra Bartolommeo. His exterior frescoed stucco Called again to Rome by Chigi, in the Villa Chigi (now the Villa Farnesina), working alongside Baldassarre Peruzzi, Sodoma painted subjects from the life of Alexander the Great: ''Alexander in the Tent of Darius'' and the ''Nuptials of the Conqueror with Roxanne'', which some people consider his masterpiece. When Leo X became pope (1513), Sodoma presented him with a picture of the ''Death of Lucretia'' (or of Cleopatra, according to some accounts). Leo gave him a large sum of money as a reward and created him a ''cavaliere''. Sodoma returned to Siena and, at a later date, sought work in Pisa, Volterra, and Lucca. From Lucca he returned to Siena not long before his death on 14 February 1549 (older narratives say 1554). He had supposedly squandered his property and is said, without documentary support, to have died in penury in the great hospital of Siena. In his youth, Sodoma had married, but he and his wife soon separated. A daughter married Bartolomeo Neroni, called also ''Riccio Sanese'' or ''Maestro Riccio'', one of Sodoma's principal pupils. Instead, he was considered by contemporaries to have been homosexual, and was known from 1512 on as "Il Sodoma" (or "the Sodomite"). Giorgio Vasari, in particular, stressed this aspect. Perhaps it was a nickname that resulted from a joke; but Bazzi seems to have used the name with pride.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Il Sodoma )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Il Sodoma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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